Definition and Examples of Generification

Definition and Examples of Generification Generification is the utilization of explicit brand names of items as names for the items in general.â In various cases over the previous century, the everyday utilization of a brand name as a nonexclusive term has prompted the passing of a companys right to the select utilization of that brand name. The legitimate term for this is genericide. For instance, the regular things headache medicine, yo-yo, and trampoline were once legitimately secured trademarks. (In numerous nations however not in the United States or the United Kingdom-Aspirin stays an enlisted trademark of Bayer AG.) Etymology: From the Latin, kind Generification and Dictionaries An astounding number of words have created petulant conventional implications: they incorporate headache medicine, bandage, elevator, filofax, frisbee, canteen, tippex, and xerox. What's more, the issue confronting the etymologist [dictionary-maker] is the means by which to deal with them. In the event that it is ordinary utilization to express such things as I have another hoover: its an Electrolux, at that point the word reference, which records regular use, ought to incorporate the conventional sense. The standard has been tried a few times in the courts and the privilege of the word reference creators to incorporate such uses is more than once maintained. Be that as it may, the choice despite everything must be made: when does an exclusive name build up an adequate general use to be securely called nonexclusive? From Brand Names to Generic Terms These words underneath have step by step slipped from brand names to nonexclusive terms: Lift and lift were both initially trademarks of the Otis Elevator Company.Zipper: A name given to a detachable latch by the B.F. Goodrich Company numerous years after it was imagined. The new name helped the zipper accomplish prevalence in the 1930s.Loafer: For a sandal like shoe.Cellophane: For a straightforward wrap made of cellulose.Granola: A trademark enrolled in 1886 by W.K. Kellogg, presently utilized for a characteristic sort of breakfast cereal. Ping pong: For table tennis, a trademark enlisted by Parker Brothers in 1901. Source David Crystal, Words, Words, Words. Oxford University Press, 2006 Allan Metcalf, Predicting New Words: The Secrets of Their Success. Houghton Mifflin, 2002

Applications of Technology in Education

Uses of Technology in Education Innovation IN EDUCATION Lahore: There is an expanding request in the nation for individuals who corner the market of sound information on innovation to take care of the basic issues of specialized circle. This quickly developing interest has prompted the production of various schools, divisions and universities’ cooking in this order by giving a particular and organized degree program of innovation based examinations as this specialized training is fundamental within the sight of current wake of upsets being made up in the specialized world, said by Ajmal Hussain Shah, Principal of Government College Technology, here on Saturday. He further expounded that the future profession of understudies following ten years of tutoring mostly relies on the imprints acquired by them in the registration assessment. Fifty to sixty percent of the top legitimacy understudies want to get affirmation in FSc to begin their vocation as designer and specialist. Among them barely 10% of understudies can get affirmation in proficient examinations for example designing colleges because of predetermined number of seats. The remainder of energetic understudies go for confirmation in private segment colleges which fundamentally relies on their reasonableness as the instruction in private division colleges is over the top expensive. Be that as it may, the rate is changed over the most recent two years as now the understudies like to be innovation master thus they need to get confirmation in data innovation and different degrees identified with this field. The current states of Pakistan when its ideological and regional limits are at hurt, requested some advancement in farming and modern regions however the ongoing years and transformations have demonstrated that the more a nation is solid in innovation the more it has opportunity to thrive. The need of great importance is to create specialized brain and abilities so we can stay up with the cutting edge world. He contended that the understudies of Pakistan need to consider innovation in light of the fact that the world if moving quick is this viewpoint as now the US is attempting to create hypersonic airplane and is financing Defense Advanced Research Project Agency. These airplanes are quick to such an extent that they can arrive at any area on earth inside an hour and circle the earth at the equator inside two hours. In addition, the US (NASA) has additionally propelled rocket Juno to test Jupiter and in 2016 it will go through one year in a polar circle around Jupiter and will send back the data about Jupiter’s attractive and gravitational field. It will at that point sort out the important data about the planets shaped from an atomic cloud about 4.6 billion years back. Despite the fact that the Principal didn’t expand on â€Å"Government’s exertion in the field of technology† however he shed light on the administration that it has made alterations in the training framework and they are commendable yet at the same time the nation and its innovation need substantially more consideration. In circumstances where the world has made flying robots and K PCs, Pakistan presently can't seem to do a great deal in the innovation field for which the developing specialized foundations and training framework assume an indispensable job. It needs high capital, talented specialists and expert individuals to instruct and perform examinations to upgrade this field. Taking the test to make Pakistan an in fact build up nation is enormous yet it will lead this nation to a set up economy. The data innovation educator Nazrul Islam, Government College Technology, addressed the significance of IT in instruction by saying that the PC world is prepared to overwhelm us in programming paradise. Some are anxious to be needy after everything without exception while a couple stay reluctant. They fear this digital world with its new, computer generated simulation and take it to be the black out and short lived shades of man’s creative mind. Who knows sooner or later an answer will be found to all our financial issues. May be we would notice and spare humanity from demolition. It is this that energizes us at the edge of our new lives. He further clarified that with the computerized PC at the core of these specialized upheavals, the web and the World Wide Web are among the essential drivers and the current youth is in the quality of these progressions. â€Å"what has had the huge effect as of late isn't the way that people PCs have drastically improved in their capacities, yet that every one of those data islands are being associated by advanced roadways made conceivable using broadcast communications foundation by PCs, which to a great extent clarifies why the web and the WWW have started to assume such a huge job in our utilization of computers†. He contended that data innovation is influencing us as instructors, as people and as a general public. Our alternatives for instruction, amusement, working and an assortment of things that we do in our every day lives identifying with government and society are drastically changing because of advancements in data innovation. Today, when sitting in front of the TV or perusing a paper or magazine, it is difficult to miss inclusion on apparently assorted points identified with data innovation web, World Wide Web, advanced TV, web based learning, corporate rebuilding, remote correspondence, tele-medication, etc. All these advancement and changes may appear to be detached, yet they all offer a shared factor, PCs and data innovation. The modifications that we are watching and furthermore encountering are neither unimportant nor irrelevant. They might be as extensive as those because of the mechanical transformation of the 1800’s, when changes in modern activities moved individuals f rom farming and town life onto urban areas and urban life. This is the data unrest. He legitimized his contention about specialized instruction by saying that Fujitsu has scored ahead of everyone else in International Supercomputing Conference by accomplishing a shocking pace of 8.162 petaflops, leaving others lying in dust. The framework utilized 68,544 CPUs to accomplish an amazing 93% PC effectiveness. So on the off chance that we need to be clear in the cutting edge world we have to have the information on each sort of innovation and its conceivable just when we are taught in this field so which nowadays the schools and colleges are assuming the significant job. An informed individual realizes that in coming years the individual with information on innovation will be fruitful on the grounds that it’s the expertise that empowers one to comprehend the current world upheavals. He finished up the conversation by clarifying that But one can't think little of the way that new thousand years may not be all wonder and enormity. Before, man has created, advanced and triumphed. Be that as it may, somewhat this has gone to his head, and he is blinded by the brilliance of progress and force. It’s like stepping forward and one in reverse. At one second we hail the triumphs of man, at another, we moan similar accomplishments, devastating nature and his own endurance. The future, with its astonishments and secrets is opening new entryways for us. In the coming years, we may search for immaculate wildernesses. This mechanical period may attempt to loot different planets far away cosmic systems. This innovation is something interesting and who knows kayaking on the peaks and troughs of time, it may locate the light, the information and the feeling of equalization. At that point it may change this world into a protected, superb spot with a splendid, singing rule of harmony and satisfaction.

12 Books About Books Every Bibliophile Will Love

12 Books About Books Every Bibliophile Will Love Books are having a moment in popular culture. We are living in a wonderful time for books and movies about books, book clubs, and bookshops. If you haven’t gotten to all the recent releases yet, or you have and they’ve inspired you to read even more about reading, here are some recommendations. Any of these would also make a great gift for the bibliophiles in your life (if you can resist keeping them for yourself)! If you liked The Library Book by Susan Orlean Part history book, part memoir, part detective novel, The Library Book defies genre boundaries. Orlean provides a fascinating account of the mysterious fire that devastated the L.A. public library in 1986. Interwoven with this tale is the history of public libraries more generally and the role they play in society and her own life. Not to be missed by library lovers anywhere. You might like… The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures Foreword by Carla Hayden Carla Hayden is the 14th Librarian of Congress and the first woman and African American to hold the position. The Card Catalog documents the history of collecting and cataloging books, from their origins as clay tablets around 3000 years ago up to Hayden’s appointment in 2016. This sweeping account is illustrated by beautiful photographs of the Library of Congress, its books and, of course, their accompanying library cards. If you liked… The Bookshop (Celsius Entertainment) The movie adaptation of The Bookshop  may no longer be showing in theaters, but you can still  read the original 1978 novel of the same name by Penelope Fitzgerald. The plot centers around a woman who decides to open a bookstore in an English seaside town that doesn’t have one. She soon finds out there might be a good reason why not. You might like… Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books by Azar Nafisi Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita causes a stir in the 1950s English village in which The Bookshop takes place. In Nafisi’s memoir, Lolita is no less powerful, albeit in a completely different setting. Nafisi recounts the experience of reading forbidden Western classics with her female students in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Her memoir shows how books can take on new meaning in different cultural and political settings. Nevertheless, they have as much power as ever to transform their readers. If you liked Black Ink Edited by Stephanie Stokes Oliver This anthology of 25 essays speaks to black literary experiences throughout U.S. history. From Fredrick Douglass to Barack Obama, the writers discuss their love for books general and specific. Yet they also address the racial discrimination that litters the history of writing, reading, and publishing. A must-read for any student or fan of American literature. You might like… Why I Read by Wendy Lesser “Reading literature is a way of reaching back to something bigger and older and different, Lesser writes. It can give you the feeling that you belong to the past as well as the present, and it can help you realize that your present will someday be someone elses past.” Lesser’s consideration of all aspects of the book, both as a physical object and as literature, will make even the most dedicated bibliophile find new reasons to love reading. If you liked… Bibliophile: An Illustrated Miscellany by Jane Mount This beautiful volume includes everything that gladdens a book lovers heart. From bookshops to libraries, book stacks to writer facts, all things bibliophile-related are included with unique and vibrant illustrations by the author. You can even buy a matching planner so that bookish delight accompanies you through 2019 (or 2020)! You might like… Book by John Agard (illustrated by Neil Packer) Another graphically stimulating book about books, this one is particularly targeted at younger readers. Written as an autobiography from the perspective of books, the poetic account charts the development of the written word from the invention of the alphabet to the iPad. If you liked… The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (Netflix) The 2018 movie is based on a 2008 novel by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows. The book takes the form of letters written between the characters, namely English writer Juliet Ashton and members of a Guernsey island book club. The society originated as a front to allow friends to gather during the World War II German occupation. Juliet soon finds out that a love of literature continues to bond the group together following their traumatic wartime experiences. You might like… When Books Went to War by Molly Guptill Manning It wasn’t only Guernsey islanders who found solace in books during the war. Manning has compiled a true account of the books that entertained American troops during World War II. Librarians, the War Department, and publishing companies in the U.S. teamed together to ensure that soldiers had plenty of paperbacks while they were abroad. Not only did this boost morale, but it also reminded them what they were fighting for: the freedom of speech that had been denied by the book-burning Nazi government. If you liked… I’d Rather Be Reading: The Delights and Dilemmas of the Reading Life by Anne Bogel This collection of 21 short, charming personal essays is sure to resonate with fellow bibliophiles. Bogel discusses how books (both general and specific) have shaped her at different times in her life. My personal favorite is “The Books Next Door,” in which she tells of the first house she owned and its next-door neighbor: her local public library. You might like… Unpacking My Library: Writers and Their Books by Leah Price This volume provides a delightfully voyeuristic journey into the libraries of successful writers. If you’ve ever wondered what Alison Bechdel’s top ten books are or what Junot Díaz’s bookshelves look like, this book is for you. Price interviews each author about how they read, what they collect, and how (or if) they organize their many, many books. Each interview is accompanied by beautiful photographs of the writers in their natural, bookish habitats. What are some of your favorite books about books?

Effective Learning And Quality Teaching Practices

For any business society, it’s imperative to have a population which is both literate and numerate since these skills equip the children with necessary attributes which enable them to create a place for themselves in this modern world.(Bynner, 2007) Nowadays, it’s a commonly accepted fact that the students having good literacy and numeracy skills possess a positive attitude towards themselves and school and moreover, they do further studies and grow into effective and employed adults.(Williams, 2003) In today’s competitive world, it is important and challenging to develop the requisite capabilities in the students to lead literate lives. The preference of the department is to ensure that all the students reach a higher literacy and†¦show more content†¦(Robinson, 1998) Part 1 – Literature Review Literacy Despite the higher living standards of Australia, comparatively on a global basis, today almost half of the population of Australia is facing difficulties and challenges with basic literacy, interpreting and evaluating texts, paraphrasing and engaging with lengthy texts. (ABS, 2012) To ensure the growth and development of students in Australia today, it has become increasingly important for the educators to bring an improvement in the current teaching practices by making them more effective since a well-developed country is a country whose citizens are well educated and this is done only by effective teaching strategies. But the educators cannot be fairly considered responsible for the current situation of the literacy levels in Australia as there are various other factors which may have led to such a situation like internet, television, social networking. Although technology has been attributed with negative consequences, such as the deterioration of culture, language and numeracy (REFERENCE), there are also a number of technological advancements which have greatly aided the teaching of literacy, such as PowerPoint, researching useful/relevant information on the Internet, SmartBoards. Therefore, educators must adapt their teaching practices to incorporate technology into the classroom in order to keep pace with the

Benefits of Cloning vs. Antiquated Religious Beliefs Essay

Benefits of Cloning vs. Antiquated Religious Beliefs When one thinks of cloning, what comes to mind? Movies such as Multiplicity can give the lay person a very distorted image of cloning. In this particular movie, actor Michael Keaton plays a father who cannot handle his crazily busy lifestyle. In an effort to be the perfect father, husband and employee, he has himself cloned fairly easily at a nearby medical center. The three clones each have their own personality: one is sarcastic and bitter, one is sweet and sensitive and one is a half-wit- but all are identical. This cloning process is completely false. At this time, scientists have cloned animals including Rhesus monkeys, mice and probably the biggest breakthrough:†¦show more content†¦The suffering candidate is typically put through a battery of tests and interviews by a physician and a psychiatrist so see if he or she is physically and mentally capable for a transplant. Many factors such as blood type, tissue type, weight and age are all deciding factors for a tr ansplant to avoid rejection of the organ. For instance, a 50 year old woman who weighs 250 pounds with type O positive blood would probably not take well to heart harvested from a 19 year old with the same blood type who weighs only 100 pounds. The organ should be in correct proportion with the persons body weight. Many transplant candidates die while waiting for an organ, whether it be a heart, lung, kidney or liver. Yes, it is true that thousands of people are saved each year by organ transplantation, yet even more die each year waiting while their organs shut down. In perhaps the most dramatic example, the American Heart Association reports that only 2,300 of 40,000 Americans who needed a new heart in 1997 got one. (Mikos and Mooney 2). The new strategy which seems promising is the development of what Dr. David J. Mooney of the University of Michigan and Dr. Antonios G. Mikos of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston call neo-organs. (3). In one aspiring procedure, the patient receives cells that have been harvested previously and comprised into 3-dimensional molds of biodegradable polymers, such as those used to make dissolvableShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCultural Training Increase Flexibility and Cooperation 212 212 212 213 213 Managing Cross-Cultural Negotiations Types of Negotiation The Negotiation Process Cultural Differences Affecting Negotiations Negotiation Tactics Negotiating for Mutual Benefit Bargaining Behaviors 215 215 216 217 220 221 223 The World of International Management—Revisited Summary of Key Points Key Terms Review and Discussion Questions Internet Exercise: Working Effectively at Toyota In the International Spotlight:Read MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagesharsh climate of Tai Shan, but in other respects they are very similar in appearance to the locally cultivated hemp varieties. A different spontaneously occurring variety of Cannabis is found on the north side of Tai Shan far from the influence of religious pilgrimage. This â€Å"wild† (naturally occurring without the influence of cultivation) variety is characterized by very short stature (less than one meter), reduced leaves with narrow leaflets, tiny dark seeds, and a very compact and highly branched

The Fundamentals of College Writing Services Revealed

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Judas Betrayer Essay Example For Students

Judas Betrayer Essay The Apostle who betrayed his Divine Master. The name Judas (Ioudas) is the Greekform of Judah (Hebrew praised), a proper name frequently found bothin the Old and the New Testament. Even among the Twelve there were two that borethe name, and for this reason it is usually associated with the surname Iscariot[Heb. a man of Kerioth or Carioth, which is a city of Judah (cf. Joshua 15:25)]. There can be no doubt that this is the right interpretation ofthe name, though the true origin is obscured in the Greek spelling, and, asmight be expected, other derivations have been suggested (e.g. from Issachar). Very little is told us in the Sacred Text concerning the history of JudasIscariot beyond the bare facts of his call to the Apostolate, his treachery, andhis death. His birthplace, as we have seen, is indicated in his name Iscariot,and it may be remarked that his origin separates him from the other Apostles,who were all Galileans. For Kerioth is a city of Judah. It has been suggestedthat this fact may have had some influence on his career by causing want ofsympathy with his brethren in the Apostolate. We are told nothing concerning thecircumstances of his call or his share in the ministry and miracles of theApostles. And it is significant that he is never mentioned without somereference to his great betrayal. Thus, in the list of the Apostles given in theSynoptic Gospels, we read: and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayedhim. (Matthew 10:4. Cf. Mark 3:19; Luke 6:16). So again in St. JohnsGospel the name first occurs in connection with the foretelling of the betrayal:Jesus answered them: H ave not I chosen you twelve; and one of you is adevil? Now he meant Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon: for this same was about tobetray him whereas he was one of the twelve (John 6:71-2). In this passageSt. John adds a further particular in mentioning the name of the traitorApostles father, which is not recorded by the other Evangelists. And it is heagain who tells us that Judas carried the purse. For, after describing theanointing of Christs feet by Mary at the feast in Bethania, the Evangelistcontinues: Then one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, he that was about tobetray him, said: Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, andgiven to the poor? Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor; butbecause he was a thief, and having the purse, carried the things that were puttherein (John 12:4-6). This fact that Judas carried the purse is again referredto by the same Evangelist in his account of the Last Supper (13:29), TheSynoptic Gospels do not notice this office of Judas, nor do they say that it washe who protested at the alleged waste of the ointment. But it is significantthat both in Matthew and Mark the account of the anointing is closely followedby the story of the betrayal: Then went one of the twelve, who was calledJudas Iscariot, to the chief priests, and said to them: What will you give me,and I will deliver him unto you? (Matt., xxvi, 14-5); And JudasIscariot, one of the twelve, went to the chief priests, to betray him to them. Who hearing it were glad; and they promised him they would give him money(Mark, xiv, 10-1). In both these accounts it will be noticed that Judas takesthe initiative: he is not tempted and seduced by the priests, but approachesthem on his own accord. St. Luke tells the same tale, but adds another touch byascribing the deed to the instigation of Satan: And Satan entered intoJudas, who was surnamed Iscariot, one of the twelve. And he went, and discoursedwith the chief priests and the magistrates, how he might betray him to them. Andthey were glad, and convenanted to give him money. And he promised. And hesought opportunity to betray him in the absence of the multitude (Luke,xxii, 3-6). St. John likewise lays stress on the instigation of the evil spirit:the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son ofSimon, to betray him (xiii, 2). The same Evangelist, as we have seen,tells of an earlier intimation of Christs foreknowledge of the betrayal (John,vi, 71-2), and in the same chapter says expressly: For Jesus knew from thebeginning, who they were that did not believe, and who he was, that would betrayhim (vi, 65). But he agrees with the Synoptics in recording a moreexplicit prediction of the treachery at the Last Supper: When Jesus hadsaid these things, he was troubled in spirit; and he testified, and said: Amen,amen I say to you, one of you shall betray me (John, xii, 21). And whenSt. John himself, at Peters request, asked who this was, Jesus answered:He it is to whom I shall reach bread dipped. And when he had dipped the bread,he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. And after the morsel, Satanentered into him. And Jesus said to him: That which thou dost, do quickly. Nowno man at the table knew to what purpose he said this unto him. For somethought, because Judas had the purse, that Jesus said to him: Buy those thingswhich we have need of for the festival day: or that he should give something tothe poor (xii, 26-9). These last details about the words of Jesus, and thenatural surmise of the disciples, are given only by St. John. But the predictionand the questioning of the disciples are recorded by all the Synoptics (Matt.,xxvi; Mark, xiv; Luke, xxii). St. Matthew adds that Judas himself asked,Is it I, Rabbi? and was answered: Thou hast said it (xxvi,25). All four Evangelists agree in regard to the main facts of the actualbetrayal which followed so closely on this prediction, and tell how the traitorcame with a multitude or a band of soldiers from the chief priests, and broughtthem to the place where, as he knew, Jesus would be found with His faithfuldisciples (Matt., xxvi, 47; Mark, xiv, 43; Luke, xxii, 47; John, xviii, 3). Butsome have details not found in the other narratives. That the traitor gave akiss as a sign is mentioned by all the Synoptics, but not by St. John, who inhis turn is alone in telling us that those who came to take Jesus fell backwardto the ground as He answered I am he. Again, St. Mark tells that Judas said Hail, Rabbi before kissing his Master, but does not giveany reply. St. Matthew, after recording these words and the traitors kiss,adds: And Jesus said to him: Friend, whereto art thou come: (xxvi,50). St. Luke (xxii, 48) gives the words: Judas, dost thou betray the Sonof man with a kiss? St. Matthew is the only Evangelist to mention the sumpaid by the chief priests as the price of the betrayal, and in accordance withhis custom he notices that an Old Testament prophecy has been fulfilled therein(Matt., xxvi, 15; xxvii, 5-10). In this last passage he tells of the repentanceand suicide of the traitor, on which the other Gospels are silent, though wehave another account of these events in the speech of St. Peter: Men,brethren, the scripture must needs be fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost spokebefore by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was the leader of them thatapprehended Jesus: who was numbered with us, and had obtained part of thisministry. And he indeed hath possess ed a field of the reward of iniquity, andbeing hanged, burst asunder in the midst: and all his bowels gushed out. And itbecame known to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem: so that the same field wascalled in their tongue, Haceldama, that it to say, the field of blood. For it iswritten in the book of Psalms: Let their habitation become desolate, and letthere be none to dwell therein. And his bishopric let another take (Acts,I, 16-20). Cf. Ps., lxviii, 26; cviii, 8). Some modern critics lay great stresson the apparent discrepancies between this passage in the Acts and the accountgiven by St. Matthew. For St. Peters words taken by themselves seem to implythat Judas himself bought the field with the price of his iniquity, and that itwas called field of blood because of his death. But St. Matthew, onthe other hand, says: Then Judas, who betrayed him, seeing that he wascondemned, repenting himself, brought back the thirty pieces of silver to thechief priests and ancients, saying: I have sin ned in betraying innocent blood. Learning About Myself EssayCertain of these heretics, whose opinion has been revived by some modern writersin a more plausible form, maintained that Judas was really enlightened, andacted as he did in order that mankind might be redeemed by the death of Christ. For this reason they regarded him as worthy of gratitude and veneration. In themodern version of this theory it is suggested that Judas, who in common with theother disciples looked for a temporal kingdom of the Messias, did not anticipatethe death of Christ, but wished to precipitate a crisis and hasten the hour oftriumph, thinking that the arrest would provoke a rising of the people who wouldset Him free and place Him on the throne. In support of this they point to thefact that, when he found that Christ was condemned and given up to the Romans,he immediately repented of what he had done. But, as Strauss remarks, thisrepentance does not prove that the result had not been foreseen. For murderers,who have killed their victims with deliberate design, are often moved to remorsewhen the deed is actually done. A Catholic, in any case, cannot view thesetheories with favour since they are plainly repugnant to the text of Scriptureand the interpretation of tradition. However difficult it ma y be to understand,we cannot question the guilt of Judas. On the other hand we cannot take theopposite view of those who would deny that he was once a real disciple. For, inthe first place, this view seems hard to reconcile with the fact that he waschosen by Christ to be one of the Twelve. This choice, it may be safely said,implies some good qualities and the gift of no mean graces. But, apart from thisconsideration, it may be urged that in exaggerating the original malice ofJudas, or denying that there was even any good in him, we minimize or miss thelesson of this fall. The examples of the saints are lost on us if we think ofthem as being of another order without our human weaknesses. And in the same wayit is a grave mistake to think of Judas as a demon without any elements ofgoodness and grace. In his fall is left a warning that even the great grace ofthe Apostolate and the familiar friendship of Jesus may be of no avail to onewho is unfaithful. And, though nothing should be allo wed to palliate the guiltof the great betrayal, it may become more intelligible if we think of it as theoutcome of gradual failing in lesser things. So again the repentance may betaken to imply that the traitor deceived himself by a false hope that after allChrist might pass through the midst of His enemies as He had done before at thebrow of the mountain. And though the circumstances of the death of the traitorgive too much reason to fear the worst, the Sacred Text does not distinctlyreject the possibility of real repentance. And Origen strangely supposed thatJudas hanged himself in order to seek Christ in the other world and ask Hispardon (In Matt., tract. xxxv).

How to Write a 3 Page Paper Fast and as Required in Assignments

Writing a three page paper is not an easy task, especially when students have to work against a deadline. Most students are used to working to a very tight deadline because of their own procrastination, as in the study by Alison J. Head mentioned there are 73% of such students. However, it is very possible to write your paper quickly, beat the deadline and still score good marks for producing an excellent paper. You wonder how it is possible? Read to find out. This article is written particularly for students who have a lot of projects on their hands and are looking for a way to write a quick 3 page paper at the last moment. Rest assured, if you follow these steps listed, you are on the way of being rewarded with high marks for your paper. Read on! How Long does it Take to Write a 3 Page Research Paper? Well, the exact amount of time depends on so many factors, which may include: the length of the essay, a topic, research material and methods, experience in writing research papers, organization skills. It should be added here that organization skills have a lot of influence on time taken to finish a research paper. Thats why this article is designed to get to know you how to guide aims to help you perfect your organization skills and show you tips on how to write quickly and smartly too. To make it easy to understand, let us break down the writing process into three parts: prewriting process, writing process and post writing process. Weve structured these tips and timing for each of these processes in such a way that they can save time. For example, to write a three page paper in 2 days, timing is as follows: prewriting process 5 hours, writing process 1 day, post writing process 5 hours. Prewriting Tips #1 Focus We cant overstate the importance of concentration on writing your paper and beating the deadline. To focus and increase concentration, do the following: Create a schedule for your paper. For example, you can decide to give 4 hours a day to write your paper. Or you can schedule a 3 day intense crash writing for your paper. Reduce different distractions. Any form of noise is likely to seize your attention. Also stay away from social media, television and radio. This may be a tough sacrifice, but in the end it always pays. Your brain will be more focused, and least likely to wear out in straining to focus on so many things at once. #2 Brainstorm Yes, you have to think about your paper at times. Its not so hard as long as you know just what to think about. Brainstorming saves your precious time while using pauses to think during the writing process. Brainstorming helps you draw outlines, anticipate challenges and their possible solutions. In the International Student Blog 2 ways of brainstorming are presented by an international teacher, Bryanna Davis. Just look at them if you want to brainstorm effectively. We suggest you do the following: Brainstorm in a seated position laying back. Or you can also take a walk to keep a clear head. Brainstorm with a pen and a pad. Try to answer as much of these questions in your writing pad: What personal meaning does the topic have for you? What perspective do you wish to write from? What are the challenges of writing such a topic? What are the possible solutions? What importance does your topic have to your readers? Has your topic been written before? Where are your likely research sources? #3 Outline Sketching an outline saves you lots of time in the writing process. Your writing is focused and it is easy to know when you derail so you can find your way. Outlining also helps you know how, what and where to do your research. Remember that you can make as many outlines as possible until you are satisfied. Your outline is not a rigid frame. See it as a flexible framework that allows you make necessary adjustments till you find the right fit. #4 Research It can be overwhelming if you dont know how to go about it. An inefficient research method is time consuming and produces little results. Do these: Start by having a quick interview with your teacher or lecturer. This saves you lots of time as your teacher gives you the necessary tips, resources and direction in writing your paper. Next browse thoroughly on the Internet. The Internet has made research relatively easy, there are lots of journals and articles available online these days. Write your references as you gather research materials. It makes citations and bibliography easy to organise at the end. Dont bother yourself with journals and articles that dont support your perspective of writing. There is no time to explore the numerous options available. Just stick to the outline youve sketched out. You may want to do some research in the library. However, if you feel you have enough research materials online, then there is no need to do so. Writing Tips Choose an appropriate title. Titles are usually short and to the point. Avoid long sentences and use of phrases in creating titles. Most times you shouldnt bother about the title till you are done with the paper. Develop an introduction. Make your introduction to the point. Your introduction should contain a thesis statement. Work on a body. The body of the essay is made up of series of supporting paragraphs. Depending on the font size and line spacing, a three page paper is likely to have about 4-6 supporting paragraphs. Make paragraphs for each point and remember to put your best points forward. Draw a conclusion. Conclude by restating your thesis statement. If there are results of findings, summarise them. You can also conclude by giving a call to action to engage your readers. You can do so by suggesting materials for further reading. Post Writing Tips Editing. After you wrote, edit and check for grammar, spelling and punctuation errors. Also check for typos. Proofreading. It is better to give a work to a second pair of eyes for a quick proofreading. To speed up the proofreading process, you can offer to read your work aloud to someone and note the corrections while youre reading. Formatting. Font type, font size, and line spaces are important factors to consider when formatting your work. For example, most lecturers like to see essays in the APA format. There are reference generators that help you with specific formatting: APA Reference Generator (6th Ed), APA Referencing Generator These tips listed above are quite easy to carry out. The more you use these tips the better you become at writing long papers in shorter periods of time. With urgent tasks you always have a chance to apply to our writing agency where you can be encouraged by the quick professional support. Good luck!

PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC

SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC Introduction Cadbury is the brand of a reputable confectionary company with a diverse assortment of chocolates, gum and candy. The company’s kernel stretches back to 1824 when the company’s pioneer, John Cadbury opened a chocolate shop in Birmingham (Watson 6). Currently, the company is dominant in the chocolate business and boasts an extended global presence and influence. On May 7, 2008, the American beverage businesses sector and the confectionary sector completed their separation and Cadbury became Cadbury PLC.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More SWOT Analysis Of Cadbury Plc SWOT analysis is a calculative strategic technique used in organizational planning to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business project or the business as a whole. SWOT analysis entails the identification of targets of a project or a business venture. Once identified, the process in achieving the targets is examined together with the interior and peripheral influences that affect the process leading to favorable or unfavorable achievement of the target. In analyzing Cadbury PLC, it is imperative to study the organization’s performance against a similar scale to that of the competition (Leikin 3). The competitors in this case are other confectionary companies like Nestle which have over the years challenged Cadbury PLC. Strengths Of Cadbury Plc The first strength Cadbury PLC has is the advantage of numbers considering the organization has business units all over the world. The units are present in Britain, Ireland, Middle East, Africa, north and South America, Europe, Asia and the pacific (King 1). All the units have commercial inclinations as their principle driving force, but the units also do have supply chain and science and technology functions. The interior organization of Cadbury P LC creates room for four corporate functions in all the units. The functions are human resource corporate affairs, strategy, information technology, legal and secretariat. This kind of functional structure allows for the business units to focus on commercial programs while aiming at internal growth (Leikin 1). Cadbury PLC also has the advantage of having internationally well known and respected brand names. The goodwill of the brands generates approximately 50% of the organization’s revenue and this implies that the brand bears higher profitability than the confectionary collection. Weaknesses Of Cadbury Plc One of the organization’s unyielding weaknesses is the reliance on confectionary market for profitability. Other companies with a similar target market to that of Cadbury PLC for instance Nestle have more diverse products including but not limited to confectionary products, baby foods, and cereals among others (Leikin 1). Cadbury has also been mainly Europe based for a long time and only recently diversified into massive consumer markets like America. In comparison, other confectionary companies of Cadbury PLC’s caliber have diversified their target markets and can be found in almost all major international consumer markets hence gaining leverage over Cadbury (Rosenfeld 9).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities The confectionary market is the fastest growing packed food market with a 5% p.a growth rate meaning Cadbury still has various unexploited markets like China, India and Russia where consumer wealth is increasing directly proportional to the population(Miller 16). There is also increased demand of confectionary products in such growing markets. The confectionary industry has over the recent years witnessed several successful mergers and acquisitions. Targeted acquisition will increase the market share and product diversification. There is an increased demand for healthier low calories snacks which could lead to new products for instance organic snacks, sugar free snacks or low fat confectionary products crating room for innovation (Miller 1). Threats There is a rising occurrence of obesity in both adults and children which has led to increased weight watching and need for healthy foods and lifestyle. The social changes in nutrition and lifestyle have definitely affected the demand of Cadbury products (Watson 1). Aggressive competition from other confectionary organizations in developed markets has led to possible price wars between the companies (Leikin 1). The global demand for cost reductions in environment, transport, energy and supply has threatened to incapacitate the operational structure of Cadbury PLC (Rosenfeld 4). Pest(le) Analysis Of Cadbury Plc In The U.K PEST (LE) analysis is the strategic analysis of the comprehensive peripheral conditions surrounding a business ope ration. Such conditions are normally above the control or influence of the business, but bear pivotal influence on the outcome of product development, business planning and strategy. They include: Political Conditions A number of MPs fear jobs will be lost if Cadbury shareholders accept an 11.5 billon pound offer from Kraft foods in a take over bid. Cadbury currently employ 2,500 individuals at its factory at Bourneville in Birmingham and a further 1200 in Herefordshire (King 11). The MPs further view the take over by Kraft as a threat to the creativity of Cadbury employees and innovation of the West Midlands. The MPs are not happy with the fact that Kraft has its base in Illinois meaning decisions will be made based on factors in Illinois not West Midlands (Rosenfeld 9). Such political interferences are likely to influence the public and elicit angry reactions from both the employees and members of the public (Watson 6). However, The Competition Act of 2000 stops interference by th e government on the basis of public interest in cases such as this (Watson 3).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic Conditions Current economic conditions in the U.K are rife for successful operation of the confectionary industry. The global economic downturn is reversing and many companies are now able to secure resources and support production (Rosenfeld 5). Cadbury PLC was not that stable economically during the global recession and had to bid its shares in the international market. Kraft foods, a U.S based company proposed to take over Cadbury and offered a relatively high bid for it. Hence, even though the current economic conditions are stable, the preceding economic conditions were detrimental to Cadbury leading to massive debt eventually leading to the take over bid/ merger (Miller 16). Social Conditions There has been an exponenti al growth in the occurrences of obesity cases in the U.K as well as obesity related illnesses both in children and adults. Health and fitness experts in the U.K are warning that if society does not change their eating habits by the year 2025, one in three deaths will be weight related (Miller 8). Such observations have stirred sharp adjustments in the eating habits and lifestyles of the general public. Confectionary products are considered high in calories and the social attitude towards such products is changing meaning the public is more interested in organic foods and confectionaries are now being considered attributes to obesity. TechnologyAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cadbury PLC considers technological advancement as one of the key pillars of the company’s success through out the years. The company has a graduate program that is supported by technical training and the aim of the program is to encourage innovation (King 15). The company has realized several new production and processing methods through this program, like the candy churner and the chocolate whip which are advanced inventions for higher and faster production (Miller 5). Cadbury still falls behind the competition as far as diversification is concerned because they lack cereal making machines as wells as baby food technology (Miller 10). Conclusion Cadbury Plc has been a stable and successful confectionary company since its establishment in the mid nineteenth century. A SWOT analysis of the company has helped identify some of the strong points Cadbury Plc capitalized on to perpetuate global expansion. A potent weakness has also been revealed and that is the late entry into the American market, one of the largest consumer markets in the world. The PESTLE analysis examines the performance Cadbury Plc in the U.K relative to its environment. The recent merger which has come to be known as a hostile take over by the U.S based Kraft foods generated a lot of controversy. However, it is clear from the analysis that Cadbury Plc was undergoing tough economic conditions and Kraft’s intervention was timely though the operation strategies of the two companies differ greatly. King, Leo. Kraft to slash  £430m costs a year with Cadbury integration. June 2010. 17 Feb 2010, from: https://www.computerworlduk.com/it-vendors/kraft-to-slash-430m-costs-a-year-with-cadbury-integration-18868/2/ Leikin, Peter. â€Å"Krafts Bid to Buy Cadbury Means Its Time We Stopped Selling Off U.K Plc†. May 2009.   Web. Miller, Hudson. Kraft Foods Bites Back and Questions Cadbury’s Long Term Targets. Jan 2009. 17 Feb 2010 from: https://www.proactiveinvestors.co.uk/ Ros enfeld, Irene. Kraft Foods Inc. (Kraft Foods) Statement Regarding Cadbury Plc (Cadbury) and Us Competition Clearance. Sept 2009. Web. Watson, Nick. â€Å"Cadbury, Kraft and the politics of making chocolate.† Dec 2010. 17 Feb 2010 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/politics_show/regions/west_midlands/8468458.stm

Canadian Aboriginal Residential Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Canadian Aboriginal Residential Schools - Essay Example While the effort might have been successful in mitigating native cultural attachment, it has been found out that many residential school students were subjected to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Brasfield (2001) claims that many former residential school students experience a similar form of condition as post-traumatic stress disorder, which he calls residential school syndrome. The Canadian government has set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission that aims at compensating for any abuse they have gone through. However, a greater concern is the implication of residential schools on the current generation of aboriginal Indians whose parents or grandparents have been former residential school students. This paper will explore the impact of residential schools on the current generation of aboriginal Indians in terms of education, income, job opportunities, health services, and child care facilities.Beaulne-Stuebing (2013) cites the findings of a report produced by the Canadian Human rights Commission which points out that there still exists a great well-being divide between aboriginal natives and the non-aboriginals of Canada. The statistical figures take a look at Metis and Inuit Indians and demonstrate marked inequalities between native aboriginals and non-aboriginals. In fact, the social inequality between the two groups is the most significant artifact of colonialism with aboriginals being one of the poorest ethnic groups of Canada (Wilson and MacDonald, 2010).

The politics by Aristotle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The politics by Aristotle - Essay Example In discussing the concept of the slave, Aristotle makes a clear distinction between those individuals who are considered slaves as a result of one nation conquering another and those who ‘natural slaves.’ Physically, Aristotle says the slave is constructed in such a way as to make him suitable for the tasks required by manual labor while the master is given a more upright carriage suitable for military life, other civic duties and managerial occupations. However, Aristotle recognizes many intellectual and spiritual differences between the master and the slave as well, making it possible for those naturally built to be slaves to have the spirit of a master and those built to be masters to have the spirits of slaves. After describing what is meant by the ‘natural slave’ and distinguishing him from the common animals, Aristotle goes on to distinguish what separates the slave from the master.To place the discussion in context, Aristotle first defines what the sl ave is within the greater society, â€Å"the slave is an animate article of property; and that subordinates, or servants, in general may be described as instruments which must first be present before other, and inanimate, instruments can be used† (Aristotle, 9-10). Within this description, the slave becomes an instrument of action essential for the functions of daily life within the household, not only serving the master, but â€Å"also belongs entirely to him, [and has no life or being other than that of so belonging]†

Clubhouse Facilities For The Youth Physical Education Essay

Clubhouse Facilities For The Youth Physical Education Essay Young people are trying to make an impact and make a positive transition to adulthood. This research will provide an over view of what facilities the youth need and want. Out of school services for the youth is essential. Youth are concerned about not having enough facilities for them. Most youths even use this as an excuse when they end up in trouble. When most youths are asked what problems they go through they tend to say boredom and nothing to do For the purpose of this research clubhouse will be defined as an enclosed space used for regular gathering for different purposes these being leisure and social purposes. Youths need to progress from childhood to adulthood therefore clubhouses can play a role in the development of such services to them. Lack of youth facilities are the main barriers towards youths involvement in recreational activities. Clubhouses are an ideal place to meet friends and socialize. Sports activities, fitness centers music clubs and the likes can all be incorporated into a clubhouse. Problem Statement Most clubhouses in Malaysia do not have facilities for the youth. The youth are increasing in population and a need for an environment for them to interact and grow in a responsible but monitored way is of importance. This intern would help reduce crime, drug abuse and other mischief the youths engage in. Scope of Research Most clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan do not accommodate for an eco-friendly environment and youth facilities. The aim of this research is to improve the design of clubhouses so as to also cater for the youth in and around Malaysia. This will be done by a comparison of clubhouse facilities in Negeri Sembilan. Negeri Sembilan will be ideal because it is the state which has the highest number of clubhouses in Malaysia. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to identify and investigate facilities offered by clubhouses. This information can then be used for the design of an environmentally friendly and eco- conscious clubhouse for the youth. The research will take into consideration two issues Whether existing clubhouses accommodate for the youth And what facilities would be appropriate and engaging for the youth This will be done through reviewing existing clubhouses and analyzing leisure trends for the youth. Research Objectives Identify the required comfortable facilities of a clubhouse Investigate and evaluate the suitability of current or existing facilities of a clubhouse To identify the requirements to develop a clubhouse which can meet the current and future demands of the youth. Recommend the required or proper facilities to be applied for the youth and determine strategies that will help these clubhouses meet youths needs Research Questions Why do clubhouses not accommodate for the youth? What do the youth have to say about it? Will the availability of clubhouse youth facilities improve youth behavior and encourage the young adults? What eco-friendly facilities do the youths need? Does the community think youth facilities are necessary and important for the development of the youth How many youths would actually use the clubhouse facilities? How eco-friendly are the facilities in existing clubhouses Hypothesis the hypothesis throughtout this research is h0 Non participation by youth in youth activities can be related to the inadequacy of existing clubhouses dealing with the provision of youth facilities h1 Availability Youth facilities in accordance to youths needs and wants are linked to a range of positive outcomes from the youth. h3 the lack of youth facilities for the youth in Negeri Sembilan leads to the youths neglecting the existing clubhouse facilities. Methodology Audit of existing clubhouse facilities Analysis of clubhouse sites Review reports and studies Analysis of sport, recreational and social trends influencing the youth Survey of clubhouse organizations Community survey (questionaires) Group meetings with young adults(youths) Conclusion This chapter has attempted to expose the main problem underpinning the research. As the reasearcher I am left with several questions that specific answers are being sought. The following chapters will help me derive answers and conclusions or recoomodation for the question raised by the research questions C:UsersThe Beauty clinicDownloadslinton.jpg C:UsersThe Beauty clinicDownloadscoventry Names Ruth Rumbidzai Mataswa Matric card number Cuadt4-09/09-00026 Subject Design And Project Implement (Workshop) Title Research Proposal Lecturer Ms.Lin Yola CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Defining Youth Clubhouse Facility Clubhouse Guidelines Youth Facilities Youth Facility Planning Framework Planning of Youth Facilities Classification of Youth Facilities Introduction Introduction A clubhouse is a building or an area used for social or recreational purposes and activities. It gives individuals the opportunity to relax and exercise their interests and abilities.They are several clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan a state in Malaysia. The initiative aims is to enhance opportunity for young adults to become physically active through the development of a eco-friendly leisure environment. Identifying the impact and factors that affect participation in leisure centres and focusing on actions that can be taken to improve participation can be done through exploring key concepts.Attending leisure centres is important inorder to maintain health and slowing down the deterioration of an individuals body and mind.. A club house arises from the necessity to create a public facility, the purpose of the club house is to provide opportunity for young adults ages 18-25 to experience an eco friendly environment and encourage interaction amoung each other.As Young adults are dealing with identity and purpose, a club house will serve as a community and entertainment area for them. A clubhouse has the potential to reshape orientation for young adults in several ways. This would motivate young adults to not get involved in crime, and instead join and meet together and encourage each other. The size and arrangement of spaces within the facility and the siting of the building should support and optimize the operation of the clubhouses activities. The primary purpose of a club house is to create and provide opportunity for the community to pursue their recreational interests. It also important to improve the physical environment and its accessibility AIM OF CLUBHOUSE The club house should achieve three goals Control and support activities in an eco friendly environment for the community Amenity for the community Service to the community A clubhouse should be accessible to as many community patrons as feasible. It should be visible from main circulation of the community, to increase accessibility.There are many aspects to a good club house but mainly it should serve the current and future needs of the club, culture, ability and gender. It should also be attractive, high quality, efficient and economical.The success of the clubhouse will depend on the responsiveness of its activity mix to the wishes of the community population, and to the effectiveness of the clubhouses internal organization and its location in the community. 2.0 The first stage for this review is to clarify from the literature the utilization of every of the terms. in this case definition of the youth, facilities, clubhouse and definition of a youth clubhouse DEFINING 2.1 YOUTH The United Nations General Assembly defines Youth as the persons falling between the ages of 15 24 years inclusive9.( UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.) The emerging of a new interim of social status between childhood and adulthood.(Jensen Rojek, 1998). The concept of adolescence has also been referred to in the literature as youth. From this perspective, it is apparent that youth are a uniquely separate group, requiring special attention to their needs as they move through this critical development period called adolescence (Siegel Welsh, 2005). It is felt that this is the right age and stage where the youth should be shaped and molded into responsible adults (Jensen Rojek, 1998, p37). In Malaysia, Putrajaya the youth are defined as the persons of age 18 and 25 under the new national Youth policy. Sports Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Shabery Cheek just recently confirmed the change of youth definition from 18 40 years to 18-25 years this was done in accordance to international standards. United Nations defines youth as 15 to 24years whilst Common wealth defines it as 15 to 29 years. According to these literatures it is clear that the youth are considered to be those persons aged between 15 and 24 years, and from my perspective, I think the youth need attention as they develop. Youth is generally the time of life between childhood and adulthood (maturity) Among other youth related issues, the World Program of Action for Youth to the year 2000 and beyond identifies several issues that should be of high priority to Government and what the government are expected to offer the youth. Leisure time activities, is in the top ten of their highest priority. This brings us to the literature of leisure activities, which in this case can be achieved through the use of clubhouses. 2.1.1 FACILITY Something that creates the potential of better performance of any action; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ freedom from difficulty; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ ease; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a building or complex of buildings, designed for a particular purpose, as for the holding of a sporting contest 2.1.2 CLUBHOUSE Is a building or enclosed area used as a regular gathering place by a group of people Community centre where community members gather for group activities, social support, public information and other purposes. Youth clubhouse: it is popularly known as a youth centre,it is an area where youth gather for recreational and leisure activities The youth centers are integrated into the mainstream community centers and have deliberately been not built as stand alone youth facilities. (Paul Leung) The International Clubhouse Coordination and Development helps support and coordinate the development of clubhouses, and helps coordinate training and on-going technical support on the club model through club training. It was established in 1994 and is bases in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. The ICCD maintains associate international certification process (ICCD Certification),a fidelity live, and a set of International Standards for club Programs. ICCD certification may be a clear demonstration of a clubhouses quality and commitment to excellence, associated provides an objective analysis of quality associated performance and an enlarged awareness of a clubhouses strengths and needs. The ICCD also provides technical help for stakeholders seeking to implement the model, a shift employment development program and may be a clearinghouse for clubhouse information. The Program for building analysis (PCR) at the University of Massachusetts graduate school conducts research relating to building effectiveness also as quality improvement efforts. One endeavor at the PCR is conducting a comprehensive survey of clubhouses affiliated with the ICCD for functions of quality assurance and program improvement. building administrators complete the survey designed to get info regarding the ways during which clubhouses opportunities for their members as well as individual outcomes for members utilizing clubhouse employment opportunities. The International Survey of Clubhouses seeks to look at and improve services provided in building programs affiliated with the International Center for building Development. One implicit goal underlying the International Survey of Clubhouses involves strengthening program infrastructure each by increasing the capability of clubhouses to gather valid and reliable info on a timely basis. The International Survey of Clubhouses seeks a range of knowledge regarding building characteristics, governance and administration, membership, staffing and staff credentials, unit structure, employment, housing activities, services, and participation in building training. 2.2 CLUBHOUSE GUIDELINES Careful planning of the accommodation is essential to confirm a roaring theme and special consideration ought to be given to the following points: The accommodation may be expanded to include: club/committee room offices restaurants fitness centre exercise studio physic treatment and first aid room bar and lounge dining area other social and indoor sports accommodation Library grounds maintenance store computer room However having these extra sports and social aspects depend on their potential to attract maximized use of the facility. The LGAQ Guidelines (1996:105-6) suggest that community facilities be understood as a means to an end in terms of multiple purposes they serve in the community: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing focal points for community interaction, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building community identity, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ providing places and resources for meetings, community organising and activities, strengthening relationships, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ building responsible, self-supportive and safe communities, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providing places and resources for delivery of services. 2.3 YOUTH FACILITY PLANNING FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a structure composed of parts fitted and united together, designed to support or enclose something The Social Planning Guidelines for Queensland Local Government (LGAQ 1996:105) pushes the limitations of this definition by asserting that community facilities can also be taken to include areas of open space such as parks, gardens, playgrounds, recreation areas, sports fields and bush lands. [p105] However, having pushed the limits of the definition, the Social Planning Guidelines immediately revert to a discussion of buildings. International literature reveals that integral to developing a youth facility planning framework is a clear understanding of the nexus, linking youth policy, youth participation and youth planning. 2.4 YOUTH FACILITIES Developing clear access or inclusion programs to ensure the youth facility is integrated into existing community facilities. It builds on a vision of more effective, accessible services for youth. It also integrates an array of services including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ health and health education; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ career counselling and job placement; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ education, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the creative and physical arts; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ food services and nutrition counselling; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ prenatal care and services for adolescent parents, including nursery care; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ mental health counselling; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ substance abuse prevention and treatment services; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ legal counselling and representation; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ youth leadership training; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ information and referral services; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ a variety of support services. Daly (2000:89-90) argues that the development of specific facilities requires project planning methodology According to Daly (2000:87) an approach to planning facilities is one that involves: Audit of existing facilities Future needs or opportunities analysis Classification of the facility types required at local, regional, state and international levels. 2.5 PLANNING OF YOUTH FACILITIES For the planning of youth facilities in particular, equity and social justice, rational distribution, integration, access, community development, location and collocation are identified as important. Several similar planning processes are considered. The significant insight offered by Daly (2000) is that a planning process at a regional or citywide level will involve a strategic planning process; but the planning of a specific facility requires a project planning methodology. 2.6 OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES FOR FACILITY PLANNING Daly (2000:77-80) identifies six objectives for regional level facility planning these being 1. Equity and social justice 2. Rational distribution 3. Integration 4. Access 5. Future provision 6. Conservation and environmental sustainability For each, Daly (2000) articulates planning principles: 1. Equity and social justice Consideration for the needs of all sections of the community regardless of age, gender, ethnicity or ability. Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and set aside land to meet the needs of existing and future population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide facilities and open spaces capable of being adapted to meet the changing needs of the community over time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a balance of active and passive uses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide open space of high amenity 2. Rational distribution (A hierarchical structure ensures state and metropolitan, regional and local facilities complement each other) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local facilities provide a range of recreation and sports services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regional facilities provide a wide range of recreation and specialist sport facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ State facilities have state significance and provide specialist facilities 3. Integration (Linkages with other community facilities, proximity to centres, and multiple use) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage co-location in centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encourage multiple use à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Proximity to education, shopping, office and community facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Design to accommodate as many different uses as possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide for a range and combination of uses 4. Access (Access by public and private transport is maximized) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure access by public, private and community transport à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide pedestrian and cycle linkages to residential areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure facilities are designed to be accessible 5. Future provision (Adequate land is provided in appropriate locations) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify and set aside land to meet the needs of existing and future population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide facilities and open spaces capable of being adapted to meet the changing needs of the community over time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain a balance of active and passive uses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide open space of high amenity 6. Conservation and environmental sustainability (Designing and locating facilities should take into account conservation of the environment) Principles: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmentally suitable design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Locate to minimise obtrusive effects on the living environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Orient facilities and spaces with appropriate landscaping à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide adequate lighting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use design features to design the edges of public spaces and give direction . 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF YOUTH FACILITIES The Social Planning Guidelines for Queensland Local Government (1996:106-7) identify three types of community facilities according to their principal function: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ community activity centres where groups of people can meet and community activities can be conducted; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ community service centres from which a range of community services are provided; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ special purpose centres where design and usage restricts use for other purposes. Uses the following typology: Community infrastructure is defined as community, cultural, sport and recreation facilities, as outlined below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sports: indoor and outdoor sports facilities, including courts, fields and centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recreation: pedestrian and cycle pathways, public spaces, and facilities used for formal and informal recreation purposes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cultural: facility used for cultural purposes, including art gallery, library, theatre, cinema, museum, art/craft centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community: facilities and services used for broad community purposes, including primary and high schools, University/TAFE, child care, church/religious centre, community and neighbourhood centre, community hall, hospital, medical/health centre, nursing home/aged care, caravan park, public housing, police station, and emergency services, key shopping centre/nodes. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction As from the previous chapter the literature review has given me an overview and foundation by which to base my research. It is quite clear that there is limited research to facilities of a clubhouse compared to a comparison of existing clubhouses. Background of site The study area is in Negeri Sembilan one of the states in Malaysia. It covers an area of 6643 square km and its state capital is Seremban. The royal capital is Seri Menanti in the district of Kuala Pilah. Other important towns are Port Dickson, Nilai and Mantin. I will be focusing on Nilai, Seremban and Mantin in particular because these are the only towns that have clubhouses. Nilai is a rapidly growing town and is mostly occupied by students because of the surrounding universities. Mantin is another town in Negeri Sembilan and is under administration of Nilai District. It is along the main road connecting Seremban to Kajang. Seremban Was declared as a city and is the capital of Negeri Sembilan.it is situated about 30 km inland from the coast For the purpose of this research both qualitative research methods are to be used in order to answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives as stated in chapter one. The research is to be conducted in the area of negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. The methods used to gain qualitative ideas of clubhouse facilities will be Literature review Case studies Questionnaires Interviews I will place the methods in hierarchal order Literature review and case study will be gathered for guidelines and brainstorming. Interviews and questionnaires will be used for information gathering purposes. The purpose of my methodology would be to Detail the research collection method Explore community considerations on clubhouses Identify what facilities the youth need from a clubhouse Residents within Negeri Sembilan would be surveyed using questionnaires. Structed interviews will also be conducted with the relevant clubhouse owners, managers, residents and clubhouse users. The use of clubhouse questionnaires and interviews is made in a way that my research is easier and would help me relate with what the community also think of existing clubhouses. Methodology process I will take Finalize literature review Select case study Make questionnaire and interview questions Review and revise questionnaire Schedule survey and interview dates Conduct interviews and survey Compile and analyze results Report findings Develop recommendations CASE STUDY I will be concentrating on clubhouses in Negeri Sembilan Malaysia. The first case study will be Staffield clubhouse because it is one of the best clubhouses in Malaysia and number one in Negeri Sembilan The second will be Nilai Spring clubhouse then Seremban international clubhouse. nsemb60 FIG 3.1 MAP OF NEGERI SEMBILAN ANd9GcQ5703XNqJMGaUq6472hmQIDBHqTdpsnEL8JEtokV_ORYu2_o31Dg FIG3.2 NILAI SPRING CLUBHOUSE ANd9GcTAUVney1WF0O-QKq7b7osw0QTJKwShxQgL2m3A2AhxvyzE-8EU FIG3.3 SEREMBAN INTERNATIONAL CLUBHOUSE club FIG3.4 STAFFIELD CLUBHOUSE MANTIN These three clubhouse case studies will be for comparison purposes in terms of clubhouse facilities offered. Comparison Will compare several clubhouses with the intention to differentiate the facilities they offer. Comparative research is a flexible way of comparing things especially when I need to derive a sufficient distinguishing of facilities which are offered by clubhouses. QUESTIONNAIRE The content of the questionnaire was developed in accordance to the research questions and much attention paid to the research objectives. The questionnaire was designed to determine the level of satisfaction with the range and type of clubhouse facilities existing. INTERVIEWS This is a form of qualitative research, it will come in the form of structured interview questions that will result in a meaningful and helpful collection of data. This type of research is very essential, in order to gain an understanding of clubhouses and their facilities and as well as community interests when it comes to clubhouses around their area or that they attend to. Chapter four Bar Chart 1: Respondents Age Most of the respondents are of the age 22 and the rest are at a constant of either 18, 20 and 21-24years Bar Chart2: Respondents Gender 47.5% of the respondents where males 34.4% of the respondents where female Bar Chart3: Respondents who have visited a clubhouse or been a member 72% have visited or been a member of a clubhouse 28% have not visited or been a member of a clubhouse before Bar Chart3: Respondents who have clubhouses around their area Majority of the respondents have clubhouses around their area Bar Chart4: respondents on if the existing clubhouses accommodate for them Most of the respondents believe that clubhouses around their area do not accommodate for them. Whilst the rest think they are adequate. PieChart1: Respondents male or female Slightly more males participated in the survey than females PieChart1: Respondents male or female on them being interested in attending More females are interested in attending or being a member of a clubhouse Bar Chart5: respondents on the rating of existing clubhouse facilities The facilities in existing clubhouses are of low standards whereas the others are of average standards offered Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent offered facilities in existing clubhousea resturant 33 19.5% 68.8% ballroom(events) 11 6.5% 22.9% library 14 8.3% 29.2% clinic 10 5.9% 20.8% exercise studio 19 11.2% 39.6% bar 17 10.1% 35.4% indoor sport 20 11.8% 41.7% music studio 14 8.3% 29.2% lounge 17 10.1% 35.4% outdoor sport 10 5.9% 20.8% dance studio 4 2.4% 8.3% Total 169 100.0% 352.1% Table 1: respondents on facilities offered Restaurants seem to be a popular facility offered in the existing clubhouses Swimming pool comes closely after restaurant followed by indoor Sport important Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent important clubhouse facilities fitness centre 6 27.3% 46.2% indoor Sports area 2 9.1% 15.4% music and Dance 1 4.5% 7.7% computer and internet cafe 1 4.5% 7.7% library 1 4.5% 7.7% ballroom 2 9.1% 15.4% resturant 3 13.6% 23.1% bar 6 27.3% 46.2% Total 22 100.0% 169.2% Table2: respondents on important facilities The youth picked fitness centre and bar as an important facility for them in comparison with other facilities. Restaurants and indoor sport where also considered as important . Appropriate Facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent appropriate for the youtha artAndDesign 24 9.7% 48.0% outdoorSport 22 8.9% 44.0% music studio 29 11.7% 58.0% cooking room 21 8.5% 42.0% fitness beauty Centre 19 7.7% 38.0% lounge 21 8.5% 42.0% computer room 18 7.3% 36.0% drama,film,drama 16 6.5% 32.0% indoor sport 13 5.2% 26.0% library 13 5.2% 26.0% BBq n Grill 15 6.0% 30.0% resturant 12 4.8% 24.0% swimming pool 25 10.1% 50.0% Total 248 100.0% 496.0% . Table3 : respondents on appropriate facilities The appropriate and engaging facilities the youth area most interested in are Music studio with 58.% Swimming pool with 50% Art and design with 48% Outdoor sport with 44% Cooking room and lounge seem to be of the same percentage of interest with in most cases 42% These are the five youth facilities the youth find interesting to them. INTERVIEW WITH CLUB MANAGERS ON EXISTING CLUBHOUSES Nilai Clubhouse Seremaban Clubhouse Mantin Clubhouse Existing clubhouses that offer facilities Responses Percent of Cases N Percent existing clubhouses existing clubhouses 1 33.3% 50.0%

Irish Immigrants in Boston Essay -- Ireland Immigration History Essays

Irish Immigrants in Boston The life of Irish immigrants in Boston was one of poverty and discrimination. The religiously centered culture of the Irish has along with their importance on family has allowed the Irish to prosper and persevere through times of injustice. Boston's Irish immigrant population amounted to a tenth of its population. Many after arriving could not find suitable jobs and ended up living where earlier generations had resided. This attributed to the 'invisibility' of the Irish. Much of the very early migration had been heavily male, but during the famine years, migration was largely a family affair. Families were arriving serially in ?chain? migration while others suffered high mortality rates in these years. The Irish were the first to practice ?chain or serial migration? on a large scale. During the famine years males still outnumbered women in migration numbers but not by a large margin. However in the post famine years and especially after 1880 more women came from Ireland than males. The reason for this was that women were always more deprived of work than men in Ireland, and in the post-famine years the position of women got exponentially worse. In Ireland, contrary to what was happening in the United States, women did not live longer than men. The lives of immigrant Irish women were not easy, but much better than a life back in Ireland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 1850?s through the 1870?s 45% of all Irish immigrants were persons in the 15-24 age group with gender evenly balanced. But in the 1880?s to 1920 that same age group made up about 60% of all Irish immigrants. This social class was young and could adapt to working in the harsh conditions. Immigrants who arrived alone often eventually married either someone from the immigrant community in the area. With each passing year women began taking up a higher and higher percentage of Irish immigrants. By 1921 women outnumbered men 2:1. These women were overwhelmingly concentrated in domestic service. At the turn of the century more than half of all Irish immigrant women were servants. These Irish women learned American housekeeping through first-hand experience, living in the home of the family they served.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Irish usually tended to support the Democratic Party rather than support the Republican Party. Most Irish had little sympathy for slaves because they feared that if th... ...cause of the Irish church and family. Bibliography: Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill Companies. 2004 Daniels, Roger. Coming to America. New York, NY. HarperCollins Publishers. 1990 Glazer, Nathan. Beyond the Melting Pot. Boston, MA. The M.I.T. and Harvard University press. 1963 Handlin, Oscar. Boston?s Immigrants: A Study in Acculturation. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University press. 1959 Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The Irish American Family Album. New York, NY. Oxford University press. 1995 Howard, Brett. Boston: A Social History. New York, NY. Hawthorn Books, INC. 1976 Laxton, Edward. The Famine Ships. New York, NY. Henry Holt and Company, INC. 1996 Nichols, Guild. ?The Irish Influx?. North End Boston. http://www.northendboston.com/history3.htm. Date checked 2-15-05 O'Connor, Thomas H. The Boston Irish: A Political History. Boston, MA. Northeastern University Press, 1995. ?Timeline: 1850-1949.? Boston Family History. http://www.bostonfamilyhistory.com/ir_1850.html Date checked 2-10-05 ?Irish Immigration?. Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEireland.htm. Date checked 2-10-05 Irish Immigrants in Boston Essay -- Ireland Immigration History Essays Irish Immigrants in Boston The life of Irish immigrants in Boston was one of poverty and discrimination. The religiously centered culture of the Irish has along with their importance on family has allowed the Irish to prosper and persevere through times of injustice. Boston's Irish immigrant population amounted to a tenth of its population. Many after arriving could not find suitable jobs and ended up living where earlier generations had resided. This attributed to the 'invisibility' of the Irish. Much of the very early migration had been heavily male, but during the famine years, migration was largely a family affair. Families were arriving serially in ?chain? migration while others suffered high mortality rates in these years. The Irish were the first to practice ?chain or serial migration? on a large scale. During the famine years males still outnumbered women in migration numbers but not by a large margin. However in the post famine years and especially after 1880 more women came from Ireland than males. The reason for this was that women were always more deprived of work than men in Ireland, and in the post-famine years the position of women got exponentially worse. In Ireland, contrary to what was happening in the United States, women did not live longer than men. The lives of immigrant Irish women were not easy, but much better than a life back in Ireland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 1850?s through the 1870?s 45% of all Irish immigrants were persons in the 15-24 age group with gender evenly balanced. But in the 1880?s to 1920 that same age group made up about 60% of all Irish immigrants. This social class was young and could adapt to working in the harsh conditions. Immigrants who arrived alone often eventually married either someone from the immigrant community in the area. With each passing year women began taking up a higher and higher percentage of Irish immigrants. By 1921 women outnumbered men 2:1. These women were overwhelmingly concentrated in domestic service. At the turn of the century more than half of all Irish immigrant women were servants. These Irish women learned American housekeeping through first-hand experience, living in the home of the family they served.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Irish usually tended to support the Democratic Party rather than support the Republican Party. Most Irish had little sympathy for slaves because they feared that if th... ...cause of the Irish church and family. Bibliography: Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill Companies. 2004 Daniels, Roger. Coming to America. New York, NY. HarperCollins Publishers. 1990 Glazer, Nathan. Beyond the Melting Pot. Boston, MA. The M.I.T. and Harvard University press. 1963 Handlin, Oscar. Boston?s Immigrants: A Study in Acculturation. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University press. 1959 Hoobler, Dorothy and Thomas. The Irish American Family Album. New York, NY. Oxford University press. 1995 Howard, Brett. Boston: A Social History. New York, NY. Hawthorn Books, INC. 1976 Laxton, Edward. The Famine Ships. New York, NY. Henry Holt and Company, INC. 1996 Nichols, Guild. ?The Irish Influx?. North End Boston. http://www.northendboston.com/history3.htm. Date checked 2-15-05 O'Connor, Thomas H. The Boston Irish: A Political History. Boston, MA. Northeastern University Press, 1995. ?Timeline: 1850-1949.? Boston Family History. http://www.bostonfamilyhistory.com/ir_1850.html Date checked 2-10-05 ?Irish Immigration?. Spartacus Educational. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEireland.htm. Date checked 2-10-05

Paper – Sensory Marketing

English Paper Julien BECQUEVORT BAC 3 – Intermediate 1 2011-2012 English Paper Julien BECQUEVORT BAC 3 – Intermediate 1 2011-2012 The sensory marketing The sensory marketing Table of contents Introduction2 Sensory marketing2 Visual marketing4 Sound marketing5 Olfactory marketing6 Gustatory marketing7 Tactile marketing8 Personal opinion9 Conclusion10 Bibliography12 Introduction Even if one  does  not realize,  sensory marketing  is ubiquitous in  marketing campaigns and  it may explain  most of our  purchasing decisions. The soothing ambience  of a store,  pleasant odor  diffused,  attractive colors,†¦ can influence the customer’s decision.Sensory marketing can be defined as â€Å"a  marketing technique that  seeks  one or  more of the five senses of the consumer. Its aim is to  attract customers  by increasing  their welfare  in order to positively influence  their behavior  vis-a-vis a  product or a  point of sale†. To approach sensory marketing, I decided to begin by a short description of the topic. After, I will talk about the five types of sensory marketing : visual, sound, olfactory, gustatory and touch. To finish, I will expose you my personal opinion about the subject. Sensory marketingCompared with traditional marketing, the sensory marketing focuses more on the five senses : sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The sensory marketing creates around the product a multisensory atmosphere that boosts their attractiveness. According to specialists, the use of the five senses in a marketing campaign would allow companies to increase their sales by arousing customer’s emotions. Nowadays, with the growth of the supply for a product, it is very important for a company to differentiate itself from its competitors. We notice that more and more companies use the sensory marketing to do it.Despite the fact that Kotler stressed already in 1973 the importance of the atmosphere in a store, the sensory marketing has only really developed until the 2000’s. It is still a young aspect of the marketing strategies. But today, more and more marketing specialists attach importance to the sensory marketing because it is a great success. This success can be explained in two ways. On the one hand, sensory perception brings a comfortable feeling, a sense of reality that the consumer looks for because of the development of virtual in our society.On the other hand, the consumer looks for a sensorial experience with all senses and especially with a back to the nature in a context of increasing urbanization. But some specialists say it is unethical to play with people’s feeling and emotions in a commercial aim. In fact, the sensory marketing can be used in an abusive way, trying to manipulate the customer. However, it is not like â€Å"neuromarketing† that is completely unethical. This type of marketing consists in a study of the mechanisms of the br ain when it receives commercial stimuli.Professionals of marketing can adapt their advertising campaigns based on the results of the study. It’s difficult for consumers to not buy the product with this type of marketing. But concerning sensory marketing, if the consumer has been once fooled on a product because of a sensory marketing, he will not be fooled a second time. Today’s marketing would be a marketing based on the five senses at the same time. That is called â€Å"polysensorality† by the marketers. However, it’s really difficult to set up for most of products. Now, I will give you some concrete examples in order to better understand what the sensory marketing is.It would be interesting to diffuse a smell of hot chocolate in a chocolate department. This strategy, combined with an attractive visual aspect of the product, will guide the consumer towards the product. Moreover, tastings in stores can also increase the sales of the product. The consumer can be aware of the product’s quality, smell, texture, etc. Nature et Decouvertes is a pioneer among the sensory marketers. When we are in the store, all our senses are stimulated. For example, all the products are exposed and we can touch and test everyone. It is really entertaining for the clients.Concerning the smell, odours of essential oils are spread in the shop, and even outside of it. It makes the passers want to enter the store. Moreover, we can hear a relaxing music. People often buy a CD and essential oils to recreate this relaxing atmosphere at home. Nature et Decouvertes has well understood that the sensory marketing can increase purchases but also enhance the image of this brand. Visual marketing The visual marketing is used by the professionals of marketing since a lot of years. The beauty and the design have always been very important in the marketing.People are always looking for aesthetic. Colours and forms, department’s arrangements of a shop are im portant factors for the product’s success. It influences the consumers and triggers emotional reactions that play a role in the purchase decision. The sight is the most highlighted sense in a marketing campaign. The client has his first impression of a product, whatever it is, by the sight. Visual aspects are essential and sellers try to attract people thanks to the sight. For example, in an automobile showroom, everything is studied.The lighting, the colours and the positions of the cars can influence people who look for aestheticism. But the visual marketing has also evolved with new technologies. Nowadays, beautiful pictures are broadcasted on LCD or LED screens. In travel agencies, pictures of withe sand and blue seas scrolled on a screen and invite to evasion. People are more likely to push the door to enter the agency. Apple has also developed a strong visual marketing for its products. We can found the iPod, the MP3 players of Apple, in a wide range of colours.Before, the iMac was also available in different colours and the product was transparent in order to make the machine more pleasant. All the products of Apple are design and beautiful. Apple is specialized in the visual marketing because the brand has understood that the customer will choose more easily a product which is beautiful. Sound marketing The sound marketing is a recent side of the sensory marketing. Marketers have now understood that hearing is primordial in a communication campaign. The sound marketing must represent the brand and the product.It’s really important for a brand to have a specific music, a jingle or a voice which can allow people to identify the brand in question. Uncle Ben’s, U and Leclerc are linked to a specific voice that differentiates themselves from competitors. These voices play a role of jingle and the auditors recognize immediately the brand. Music is also used in stores and shops to sell a product. But it’s recent. Different studies have proven that music influence the perception of time and the customers stay longer and more easily in a store which trend music is played.According to these studies, a soft music, like classical music, encourages to stroll and relaxes the customers. The particular sound of a product is also used by producers hoping to differentiate it. For example, in the world of household electrical appliances, the sound of the buttons is different depending on the brand. But the most striking example is the engine’s sound of a Harley Davidson. No engine makes a noise similar to a Harley Davidson. This is one of the biggest selling points of the brand and it was studied during a long time by mechanics. Please, follow this link ttp://www. youtube. com/watch? v=31GBuRHxsDo&feature=fvwp&NR=1 Olfactory marketing Since more or less two decades, marketers have discovered that odour in an advertising campaign has a lot of influence on the purchase decisions of the customer. Before the 90â€℠¢s, this sense was totally put aside. It was very difficult to implement the olfactory marketing because the technologies did not permit it. Since few years, marketers have understood that the power of odours is something that they should not overlook as the olfactory memory is the most powerful.The olfactory marketing is very important to highlight a product or a brand. When we walk on the street, we can smell delicious odours coming from a restaurant, a bakery or store which sells coffee. All these odours attract the customers and trigger an emotional process that lost any sense of time. Customers like to go to shops and store where it smells good. It’s normal. Some brands like Nature et Decouvertes and Sephora have succeeded in attract the customer and the passers with odour. But olfactory marketing is not limited only to odours in shops and stores, it cans also be found within the products.For example, it’s important that a cosmetic cream smells good. In order to d ifferentiate their products from the others, it’s essential for a company to use different flavours. It’s the same for cleaning products. A lot of brands like Mr Propre, Carolin or Dreft use different scents for their cleaning products. These products do not only evoke cleanliness but also evoke evasion and pleasure thanks to the odours. A third example is the 3M company who has commercialized flavoured strawberry post – its. The target of this marketing’s type is essentially teenagers and especially young girls.However, olfactory marketing goes further and an odour diffuser, the â€Å"SmellBox†, was created to diffuse fragrances in a shop or a store. This box is connected to a computer and diffuses odours that are linked with the broadcasted pictures on the screen. Today, it is the most advanced application of the olfactory marketing. Gustatory marketing With this type of marketing, there are two possibilities  : either the consumer likes the pr oduct either he doesn’t like and doesn’t buy it. Taste marketing is often used in supermarkets where different brand representatives propose to taste new products.Clients appreciate this practice because they can judge the product for free. And this technique increases sales because people buy it after having tasted it so they don’t take a risk and know that they like it. Obviously, this marketing is usually used for food products. But there are some exceptions. Indeed, gustative marketing can be a good way to promote a product. For example, a jewelry demonstration accompanied by a chocolate fondue. Or we can also find candies in some stores. Moreover, gustative marketing is essential for toothpaste’s brands too.Today, the trend is traveling and people like new flavors of the world. There is a strong growth in sales of exotic spices and especially from Asia, very trendy at the moment. So, food industries have their gustative laboratories in order to taste new relishes depending on the trend and desires of consumers. Thus, this sort of marketing is not easy because we always have to adapt to the new flavors appreciated by people. So, there are gustatory trends that we have to follow all the time to satisfy customers. Tactile marketing This sort of marketing uses the touch to optimize sales of a product.This sense has more and more importance in communication campaigns, and professionals know it. Indeed, consumers need to touch the product in order to have a precise idea of its quality. For example, at the supermarket, customers like palpating fruits and vegetables and they think that they can evaluate their quality in this way. In fact, the touch creates a familiarity with the product. So, tactile marketing has a gigantic power and sellers have to use it in order to enhance sales. Moreover, people prefer going to a store which proposes to touch products, so this sort of marketing increase the number of clients.That’s why more and more enterprises look for textures appreciated by consumers. Today, for example, the trend is cashmere. Indeed, this textile inspires sweetness, comfort, protection, etc. As the touch refers to the qualities and functions of the product, the choice of the material and the form is essential. More the texture is successful, more consumers will want to buy it. We can well see this phenomenon in bedding store where people always lie on mattresses. Clients want to test the thickness and comfort, and prices become even less important. Food industries have also understood the advantages of this marketing.Children and teenagers like the combination of different textures as crunchy and sweet. For example, Danette created a new product to satisfy consumers : liquid chocolate accompanied by crunchy balls. We can also find chewing-gum crisps outside and liquids inside. Tactile marketing can also be applied for a service. Indeed, a hotel will be judged on the softness of the sheets, the thic kness of the towels, pillows’ quality, etc. If the client appreciates all of these things, he will have a good image of the hotel. So, the touch is a factor essential for product’s success. Personal opinionI have chosen this topic because I am really interested in the marketing sciences. I think that it is very important for a firm or a company to deeply understand how behave customers when they receive commercial stimuli. Otherwise, I would choose as master options marketing and management’s services. I hope that I will learn even more with the lecture of consumer’s behaviour. During my studies in management, we have seen lots of strategies and techniques to attract the customer to a product or service, but I think that the sensory marketing is the most interesting and is really booming.We can see more and more strategies of sensory marketing today. I think for example at the cover of the jam’s jars of Bonne Maman brand. The cover is squared with blue and white or red and white. Moreover, the writing on the label looks like handwriting. It really reminds jams of long ago. Another example is the development of the free distribution of new products in the street. When we walk on the street, we can see huge cars giving for example chocolate, cans of Coca-Cola, †¦ This is linked with gustatory marketing. Just yesterday, I went to a copy centre and the merchant had put an essential oil diffuser in the store.It was really nice to photocopy sheets in this atmosphere. Even if a copy centre does not need to use sensory marketing in order to attract customers, I think that it is a good initiative and it works. I will go back there to make photocopies. I think that more and more brand and retailers must use the sensory marketing. The customers asks for it, it is more sympathetic that our senses are requested when we do shopping or when we see an advertising. Moreover, studies and surveys have proved that the sensory marketing real ly influences the purchase decisions.It has to be developed by all the brands, if it is possible obviously. During the lectures of market research, we have seen lots of studies that showed that the marketing sensory has a lot of influence on consumers. For example, we have seen, supported by figures, that the purchases are more important if the music in the store is slow than fast. Moreover, if it is coupled with a nice odour, the amount of purchases is much more important. We have also learned that the light plays an important role in a restaurant. If the light is bright, the number of wine bottles purchased is higher than if the light is subdued.Per contra, the spent time in the restaurant and the amount of the bill is higher if the light is subdued. Recently, I have participated to a market research concerning the bookshop Libris Agora. We were asked during the study to analyse different odours that could be diffuse in the bookstore. It is typically a sensory marketing strategy. Personally, I am for a strong sensory marketing strategy. As I said before, it can attract lots of people to a store. For example, I like when trend and good music is played in a shop.I have already noticed that I stay more easily in a store where dance and electro music is played, maybe because I love this kind of music. Contrary to what my analysis says, I will never go to a store where classic music is broadcasted or maybe I will stay maximum five minutes. I think that it is because I am young and that does not attract me at all. Nevertheless, I can understand that people like this type of music and that classic music encourages people to stay longer in a store. One of the sensory marketing strategies that I like the most is the gustatory one.I really like to taste different products when I am at the supermarket or when I go to a fruit and vegetables seller. Usually, if the products are good, I put them in the cart. In order to further differentiate from the competition, brands a nd retailers should enhance their sensory marketing strategies. They should couple visual marketing with olfactory marketing, etc. However, the consumers must not receive too much sensory stimuli at once time. If it is the case, I think he feels oppressed and uncomfortable and he will certainly run away from the product or the store.Retailers have to find the right middle between the different strategies of sensory marketing. Moreover, the sensory marketing is not popular with everyone. I know some people who feel uncomfortable with odour of essential oils. I think that the big problem of the sensory marketing is to find the right settings in order to reach as many people as possible. Conclusion Throughout this report, I tried to explain what the sensory marketing is and how the five senses can play a role in the purchase decision. I also  tried to  give concrete examples  to  make this  report more understandable.We can see that in a context of an increasing supply, compa nies have to differentiate themselves from each other. It requires a very thorough marketing and more and more companies rely on sensory marketing to attract customers to their products. According to experts, marketing of tomorrow will be a â€Å"polysensory† marketing through which all senses of the consumer and prospect will be awakened. Nowadays, thanks to new technologies, this type of marketing is possible and some companies like Nature et Decouvertes use already this concept of â€Å"polysensority† marketing.The discipline of sensory marketing is now booming but it is very important to not oppress the customer with too much commercial and sensory stimuli. The sensory marketing must be carefully considered before being implemented. Bibliography http://marketing. oboulo. com/marketing-sensoriel-exemple-zara-h-m-killafornia-1 05054. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sense http://fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_sensoriel http://www. netpme. fr/marketing/704-marke ting-sensoriel. html http://www. journaldunet. com/management/dossiers/0606139marketing/cestquoi. shtml